Manufacturer Directory · Last reviewed 2026-09-17
| Company | Base | Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Clarios | Wisconsin | Lead-acid automotive (AGM/EFB) — world's largest |
| EnerSys | Pennsylvania | Industrial motive + reserve power |
| Tesla | Texas / Nevada | Lithium cells (4680) and packs |
| LG Energy Solution | Michigan / others | EV cells — US plants serving GM, Honda, Stellantis |
| SK On | Georgia / Kentucky | EV cells — Ford and Hyundai supply |
| Panasonic Energy | Nevada / Kansas | EV cells — the Tesla-anchored legacy |
Directory entries are verified public-footprint companies; certifications are noted as claimed unless independently accredited — see the criteria.
The lithium layer's presence is policy arithmetic made visible: section 45X production credits — roughly $35/kWh for cells plus $10/kWh for modules — plus consumer-credit local-content rules turned the US from a battery importer into a gigafactory destination inside a few years (see the US market report). The lead-acid layer needed no such pull: it is the replacement business the car parc already runs on.
My read: The US manufacturer map is two industries wearing one flag — a mature lead-acid replacement business and a subsidised lithium build-out — and the subsidy layer is the one whose durability will be tested when the credits phase down.
Why: Clarios and EnerSys do not need policy to exist; the lithium plants do. The interesting question for the late 2020s is which of the IRA-era plants convert subsidy-era economics into subsidy-free competitiveness — because the credits decline by design, and the factories must not.
My editorial view, not investment advice.
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